CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A DBMS FOR A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION INFORMATION SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OPEN-SOURCE SOLUTIONS

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of modern open-source database management systems (DBMS), such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and Firebird, concerning their suitability for implementation in information systems of higher education institutions (HEIs). The study examines the core functional, architectural, licensing, and performance characteristics of each DBMS, as well as key aspects such as security, scalability, resource requirements, compliance with SQL standards, backup and replication mechanisms, and the level of community support. Particular attention is paid to practical experience deploying and maintaining university information systems, including the proprietary “Elektronnyi Universytet” (Electronic University) information system developed at Khmelnytskyi National University, which is built on open-source DBMSs.

The article explores the specifics of each DBMS in the context of higher education’s unique needs and constraints, such as supporting diverse academic and administrative processes, managing large volumes of heterogeneous data, ensuring interoperability with e-learning platforms, and maintaining cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability. The analysis addresses challenges HEIs face, including resource constraints, the migration from proprietary to open-source solutions, data security and compliance requirements, and the need for flexible, scalable, reliable systems.

Based on comparative criteria and practical implementation experience, the article provides clear recommendations for selecting the most appropriate open-source DBMS for various use cases within higher education institutions. These recommendations account for technical and functional features as well as economic, organizational, and human resource considerations and prospects for future system development and integration. The findings are relevant for IT leaders, system architects, and educational decision-makers seeking a balanced, evidence-based approach to database technology selection. The study underscores the importance of a systematic and context-aware evaluation and highlights the growing role of open-source solutions in the digital transformation of higher education.