INTELLIGENT GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING: A REVIEW OF CURRENT APPROACHES AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Abstract

The paper examines contemporary approaches to the development of intelligent geographic information systems (GIS) for environmental monitoring. It analyzes the transformation of conventional GIS into intelligent systems that integrate artificial intelligence methods, Earth remote sensing, the Internet of Things, and big data technologies. Based on a review of scientific publications, existing approaches are systematized and a generalized classification of intelligent GIS is proposed according to the level of intelligence and technological foundation.

A distinct class of intelligent GIS focused on environmental monitoring is identified, and their main functional types are defined, including systems for monitoring water resources, the atmosphere, biodiversity, environmental risks, and urbanized areas. A generalized architecture of an intelligent GIS is proposed, comprising data acquisition, processing, intelligent analysis, and decision support layers.

Key limitations of current approaches are identified, including challenges in integrating heterogeneous data, low interpretability of artificial intelligence models, limitations in applying large language models to geospatial tasks, and the lack of universal integrated solutions. перспективні напрями розвитку include the development of explainable models, autonomous GIS, integration of knowledge graphs, and real-time data processing.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematization of modern approaches to intelligent GIS, the development of a generalized classification, and the formulation of a concept of intelligent GIS for environmental monitoring as integrated analytical platforms. The practical significance of the results lies in their potential application in the development of advanced environmental monitoring systems and decision support tools.