ULTRA-WIDEBAND DISCONE ANTENNA FOR THE 3-7 GHZ FREQUENCY RANGE FOR INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) INFORMATION AND MEASURING DEVICES

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on an ultra-wideband discone antenna designed to operate in the 3–7 GHz frequency range, covering the key standards of modern and emerging wireless communication systems oriented towards the Internet of Things (IoT). The relevance of the research is driven by the rapid growth of IoT measurement and monitoring devices, which require universal antenna solutions with a wide operational bandwidth, stable impedance matching, and the ability to support multiple standards simultaneously. The paper provides an overview of current approaches to broadband antenna design, including Vivaldi, log-periodic, and horn structures, and highlights the advantages of the discone antenna for IoT applications: structural simplicity, mechanical robustness, omnidirectional radiation pattern, and the ability to cover a wide spectrum without the need for complex matching circuits. To achieve the stated goal, a geometric model of the discone antenna was developed, electromagnetic simulations were carried out using modern software (MMANA-GAL basic), and the key characteristics were analyzed: voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, and radiation pattern. The results demonstrated that the proposed antenna provides stable operation in the 3–7 GHz frequency band with VSWR ≤ 2, gain in the range of 0–2.5 dBi, and an almost uniform omnidirectional radiation pattern. These properties confirm its suitability for IoT devices operating in 5G NR bands (n77, n78, n79), Wi-Fi 6E, C-V2X systems, and industrial wireless networks. The practical significance of this research lies in the development of a foundation for universal IoT measurement instruments capable of ensuring compatibility with multiple wireless communication standards. The obtained results can be applied in the design of IoT sensors, industrial controllers, vehicular communication systems, and medical devices. Future work is planned to focus on antenna miniaturization, integration into multi-channel MIMO systems, and adaptation for next-generation sixth-generation (6G) technologies.