OVERVIEW OF NAVIGATION SYSTEMS OF MOVING OBJECTS

Abstract

The work considers various systems of navigation and positioning of moving objects, their principle of action and accuracy are given, emphasis is placed on systems of high positioning accuracy and the possibility of their use in a limited volume.

Among the systems considered: global navigation systems (GPS) - provide positioning accuracy of less than 6 meters. The new generation of satellites provides accuracy of more than 60-90 cm; positioning in cellular networks is 100-150 m, for most base stations - a kilometer or more. Branded technologies of cellular networks reach an accuracy of 100-50 m; to local infrared positioning systems achieve a positioning accuracy of 10-30 cm, ultrasonic systems have the highest positioning accuracy, which reaches 3 cm; positioning systems using passive radio frequency identifiers (RFID) achieve an accuracy of about one meter; positioning systems using active radio frequency identifiers RFID radio frequency tags are used to track objects at relatively long distances of up to 100 m; positioning using "near field" technology achieves positioning accuracy in real conditions of about a meter at a distance of up to 30 m. Radio waves cover obstacles and are not reflected. Therefore, the NFER technology has advantages in the complex configuration of premises with a large number of obstacles; platformless inertial system - the principle of organization of inertial navigation systems and orientation systems is based on the integration of angular velocities and accelerations. The accuracy of determining the current coordinates is 7 m, depending on the path traveled; the inertial positioning system is a navigation method for determining the coordinates and parameters of movement of various objects - ships, planes, missiles. The essence of the method is that it does not require external landmarks or signals. The accuracy of determining the current coordinates is 10 m, depending on the path traveled.

The obtained results can be used to select a navigation system according to the area of use and the required accuracy.