APPLICATION OF SMART CONTRACTS AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF DISTRIBUTED BROKER SYSTEMS UNDER HIGH LOAD CONDITIONS

Abstract

With the growing number of high-load computing systems, the issue of efficient device interaction and reliable data transmission is increasingly relevant. A widely used communication model, the publish-subscribe pattern, despite its efficiency, suffers from significant drawbacks due to reliance on centralized brokers. This approach introduces critical risks, including single points of failure and data security vulnerabilities stemming from potential data manipulation. This article introduces and thoroughly describes the distributed broker system Trinity, which integrates the publish-subscribe model with blockchain technology and smart contracts. Trinity leverages a distributed ledger and consensus algorithm, ensuring the reliability and immutability of transmitted data. A distinctive feature of the platform is its automated data verification and management using smart contracts, executed before data storage in the blockchain ledger. The Trinity platform was implemented using the Mosquitto MQTT broker and Tendermint blockchain framework, achieving high scalability and security. Experimental evaluation conducted on a network of 20 Raspberry Pi 3 nodes demonstrated that Trinity effectively addresses trust-related challenges under high-load conditions, though introducing certain overheads. Specifically, end-to-end message latency increased (up to 3.7 seconds), accompanied by higher network and computational resource usage. However, these overheads are justified by significant improvements in reliability, security, and fault tolerance, essential in distributed environments involving multiple independent participants. Therefore, the Trinity platform is particularly suitable for application areas requiring robust reliability and automated device interaction, such as smart cities, industrial IoT networks, and other critical infrastructures.