ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION

Abstract

A critically important condition for the life of humans and animals is the provision of clean air for the functioning of organs and systems of organisms. Air pollution, which is currently observed in almost the entire territory of Ukraine, can lead to serious health problems, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, affects mental activity and the general condition of a person.

The article examines, using the example of the city of Kyiv, as the largest metropolis of the country and an economic center, the reflection of the consequences of urbanization growth, increased traffic load, armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine in 2014-2025, which are caused by the simultaneous influence of man-made, social and military factors. In addition to known factors of atmospheric air pollution, new ones have been added, namely: after 2022, missile strikes and drone explosions accompanied by: release of combustion products of rocket fuel components and unmanned aerial vehicles; secondary fires in residential and industrial areas; raising dust and finely dispersed fractions from the destruction of buildings into the air; local emissions of toxic substances in cases of burning of oil products, warehouses and industrial materials. Studying the dynamics of air pollution in the last decade has become a necessity for establishing key trends, determining the most vulnerable areas, and substantiating the importance of monitoring and analyzing the environmental situation. The sum of indices of atmospheric air pollution by individual pollutants (complex index of atmospheric pollution (CIPA) for Kyiv was considered; implemented a number of measures aimed at improving the transport situation and reducing the concentrations of toxic substances in the air and the question of the need to implement changes.

The article focuses on the dynamics of emissions of atmospheric air pollutants by stationary sources of pollution and emissions of stationary objects of the thermal power industry and clean industry in Kyiv.

A conclusion was made regarding the highest concentrations of formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, dust particles and benzapyrene observed in the central and industrial areas of the city and the formation of local centers of intense pollution, which requires further modernization of transport and energy infrastructure, expansion of monitoring systems and implementation of environmental measures to reduce the level of impact on the population on air conditions.

The obtained results of the analysis confirm the need for a comprehensive environmental study, control and management of the state of the capital's atmospheric air.