PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION AND MODERN MEANS OF OPTICAL RANGEFINDER

Abstract

The work presents the results of a review and comparative analysis of the principles of operation and technical means of implementing classical and modern optical rangefinders. The main attention is paid to the parameters of rangefinders: the range of measurements and the accuracy of distance measurements. The principle of operation of an automated thread-type rangefinder with a widely variable parallax angle is proposed in order to significantly expand the range of measurements. Presents the classification of currently known optical rangefinders. Active or passive mode of action, methods of using the geometric parameters of the measuring triangle, and methods of using the laws of geometric optics that determine the mutual location of the planes of objects and their images relative to the cardinal points of the optical system were chosen as signs for classification. The principle of operation of interferometric rangefinders, pulse and phase laser, monocular and binocular visual and photoelectric stereoscopic rangefinders, focusing rangefinders using Newton's formula from the theory of an ideal optical system, visual thread rangefinders with a fixed and variable parallax angle is considered. The proposed modernization of the thread rangefinder, which consists in significantly expanding the range of measurements of distances to the object due to the use of a zoom-zoom and shifting the performance of the operator to an automated system for measuring the distance to the object. To create a zoom-zoom, a four-lens zoom-afocal system is proposed as an addition to a fixed lens. The formulas for calculating the parameters of the zoom-zoom based on the conditions for ensuring the desired range of change of its focal length are given.