ANALYSIS OF MODERN METHODS FOR CONTROLLING SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

Abstract

Surface water pollution is one of the key environmental challenges of our time, with both local and global consequences. Microplastics, chemical reagents, and other anthropogenic contaminants not only deteriorate water quality but also disrupt ecosystem functioning, posing a threat to biodiversity and human health. The same applies to films of oily substances. Therefore, ensuring reliable, timely, and accurate monitoring of surface water conditions is of utmost importance.

Modern methods for controlling surface water pollution have a number of limitations, particularly in terms of sensitivity, spatial and temporal resolution, process automation, and accessibility for widespread implementation. Existing laboratory techniques often require significant time for sample analysis, while remote methods do not always provide the required accuracy under complex natural conditions.

Thus, a pressing scientific and practical task arises: to analyze current methods for controlling surface water pollution in order to identify their advantages, limitations, and potential for improvement. This will make it possible to define further research directions in the field of information and measurement technologies for environmental monitoring. Solving this problem will contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of water resource management, reducing ecological risks, and supporting sustainable development.

This work presents a review of modern methods for controlling pollution on the surface of water bodies, which is a pressing issue in the field of environmental monitoring. The study analyzes patented approaches based on acoustic, radar and optical principles. The characteristics and limitations of each method are examined, including accuracy, response speed, dependence on environmental conditions, and potential for automation. Based on a comparative analysis, the most effective and promising approach is identified as the method using ultrasonic waves, which enables non-contact measurement with high sensitivity. The article outlines future research directions, including the adaptation of the method to real-world conditions and the development of a mobile measurement system. The results of this work can serve as a foundation for the creation of innovative information and measurement systems for controlling pollution on water surfaces.