COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN INTERACTION MEANS BETWEEN COMPONENTS IN DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

Abstract

This paper presents an in-depth comparative analysis of contemporary communication mechanisms used in distributed software systems, which play a pivotal role in the development of efficient, reliable, and scalable information technologies. A systematic classification of interaction methods is proposed based on the model of communication—synchronous and asynchronous. This classification serves as a fundamental criterion for selecting the appropriate communication mechanism and is closely tied to the architectural paradigm of the distributed system, significantly influencing its performance, reliability, and adaptability.

The study provides a comprehensive overview and technical evaluation of widely adopted technologies for component interaction. In the realm of synchronous communication, RESTful APIs and gRPC are analyzed for their usability, protocol characteristics, and compatibility. For asynchronous messaging, the paper investigates the features and implementations of Apache Kafka and RabbitMQ, emphasizing their messaging models, persistence capabilities, and event-driven design.

Each technology is assessed in terms of architectural implications, performance metrics, scalability potential, integration complexity, message delivery guarantees, and support for complex routing scenarios. The strengths and limitations of each solution are discussed, supported by real-world application cases and usage patterns.

Based on the comparative insights, the paper provides practical recommendations for selecting communication mechanisms that align with specific architectural and operational requirements. The results aim to support system architects and developers in designing robust and maintainable distributed systems.