APPLICATION OF SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SOUND WAVES TO DETECT FAILURES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES IN VEHICLES

Abstract

The general problem is the need to ensure reliable operation of internal combustion engines (ICE) in both diesel and gasoline vehicles. The automotive industry is an important part of the modern economy, therefore the efficient functioning of engines and their timely maintenance become urgent tasks for both manufacturers and consumers. The problem is complicated by the increased complexity of the internal combustion engine design, the rapid aging of technologies, and the high costs of repairs and diagnostics.

With the increase in global prices for fuel and components for cars, the issue of reducing engine maintenance costs and improving diagnostic accuracy is becoming important. The lack of an opportunity for accurate diagnosis or late detection of malfunctions leads to expensive repairs or a complete replacement of the engine. This affects both the economic component of the automotive industry and the environmental situation due to higher emissions from faulty engines.

This article discusses the methods of improving non-contact control of internal combustion engines) of cars by analyzing the sound signals of their operation. The main goal of the study was the implementation of the latest acoustic technologies and spectral analysis to detect malfunctions in the early stages of engine operation. Experimental studies were conducted with the recording of sounds of engine operation in various modes using standard devices, in particular, the Samsung A54 smartphone. The results of the study showed that the spectral analysis of sound waves is an effective tool for diagnosing the technical condition of internal combustion engines.

The article presents graphs of sound waves illustrating different modes of engine operation (with the air conditioner on and off, in different gears), as well as a graph of absolute amplitudes for different modes. Analysis of the data revealed the presence of characteristic anomalies that could indicate malfunctions such as air entering the engine system, overload due to air conditioning and abnormal vibrations. Identified problems require additional diagnostics for confirmation and timely elimination.

The proposed method allows to reduce costs for maintenance of engines due to early diagnosis, which increases the competitiveness of enterprises of the automotive industry.