METHODS OF DETERMINING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN THE AIR DURING OPERATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the sources of harmful radioactive and non-radioactive substances and methods for determining their content in the air during the operation of equipment of a double-circuit nuclear power plant (NPP). Purpose: to identify appropriate methods for determining the content of harmful radioactive and non-radioactive substances in the air during operation of NPP equipment to ensure its reliability, radiation and environmental safety, and further improve methods and means for protecting human health. Methods: analytical analysis of the sources of harmful radioactive and non-radioactive substances and modern methods for determining their content in the air during the operation of equipment of a double-circuit NPP. Results: the most significant radioactive and non-radioactive substances in the air during the operation of equipment of a double-circuit NPP are: 41Ar, 85Kr, 85mKr, 87Kr, 88Kr, 133Ce, 133mCe, 135Ce, 135mCe, 131I, 133I, 135I, НTO, DTO, T2O, НT, DT, T2, CH3T, 137Cs, 134Cs, 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 89Sr, 90Sr, 91Sr, 51Cr, 54Mn, 55Mn, 59Fe, 58Co, 60Co, 110mAg, 95Nb, NO, NO2, HNO3, SO2, SO3, H2SO4, SF6, H2O2, Cl2, HCl, H2S, CS2, CCl4, NH3, NaOH, KOH, HCN, COCl2, hydrazine, acetic acid, formaldehyde, perfluorooctylene, freons; elements, organic and inorganic compounds of elements - Al, Si, B, V, W, Fe, Cd, Ca, Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo, Sn, Pb, Ti, Cr, Zn, Zr, fluorine salts, HF, O3; an improved structural diagram of a 7-channel gas chromatograph for determining the content of vapour and (or) gaseous harmful substances in the ambient air of NPP equipment is proposed. Conclusions: during the operation of the equipment of a double-circuit NPP, harmful substances are released into the ambient air, which can then enter the human respiratory system in the form of radioactive or non-radioactive substances; the most important methods for determining the content of harmful radioactive and non-radioactive substances in the air are gas chromatography; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; liquid scintillation; photometric, ionometric, polarographic, titrometric, turbidimetric, atomic absorption, radiometric and γ-spectrometric measurements.