Publication ethics

The journal operates in strict compliance with the ethical standards of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics). The editorial board ensures confidentiality, impartiality, and transparency at all stages of the publication process.

Principles of Professional Ethics for Editors and the Publisher

In their activities, the editor is responsible for the publication of authors’ works and must adhere to the following fundamental principles:

• When making decisions on publication, the editor is guided by the reliability of the data presented and the scientific significance of the submitted work.
• The editor evaluates manuscripts based on their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, origin, citizenship, social status, or political views of the authors.
• Unpublished data obtained from submitted manuscripts must not be used for personal purposes or disclosed to third parties without the author’s written consent. Information or ideas obtained during the editorial process and associated with potential advantages must be kept confidential and not used for personal gain.
• The editor must not accept for publication any material if there is sufficient reason to believe that it contains plagiarism.
• The editor, together with the publisher, must respond to all claims concerning submitted manuscripts or published materials and take all necessary measures to restore violated rights in case of conflicts.

Ethical Principles for Reviewers

The reviewer performs a scientific evaluation of submitted manuscripts, and their actions must be objective and adhere to the following principles:

• A manuscript received for review must be treated as a confidential document and must not be shared with or discussed with third parties without authorization from the editorial board.
• The reviewer must provide an objective and reasoned assessment of the research results presented. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable.
• Unpublished data obtained from manuscripts under review must not be used by the reviewer for personal purposes.
• A reviewer who considers themselves unqualified to evaluate a manuscript, or unable to provide an objective review (e.g., due to a conflict of interest with the author or institution), must inform the editorial office and withdraw from the review process.

Ethical Principles for Authors

The author (or group of authors) bears primary responsibility for the novelty and reliability of the research results and must adhere to the following principles:

• Authors must present accurate and reliable results of their research. Knowingly false or falsified statements are unacceptable.
• Authors must ensure that the research results presented in the manuscript are entirely original. Borrowed fragments or statements must be properly cited with reference to the original source. Excessive borrowing and all forms of plagiarism, including unattributed quotations, paraphrasing, or appropriation of others’ research results, are unethical and unacceptable.
• Proper acknowledgment must be given to the contributions of all individuals who influenced the research. References to works that were significant in conducting the study must be included.
• Authors must not submit a manuscript that is under consideration by another journal or has already been published elsewhere.
• All individuals who made a significant contribution to the research must be listed as co-authors. It is unacceptable to include individuals who did not participate in the research.
• If an author discovers significant errors or inaccuracies in the manuscript during the review process or after publication, they must promptly notify the editorial office.